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Table 4 Causal effects of dietary habits on serum urate: significant Mendelian randomisation results only

From: The comparative effect of exposure to various risk factors on the risk of hyperuricaemia: diet has a weak causal effect

Dietary pattern description SNP number Inverse-variance-weighted MR MR Egger Weighted median MR
β (mmol/L) (95% CI) PIVW PHet Intercept (mmol/L) PIntercept β (mmol/L) (95% CI) PWM
Preferentially drinking skim milk (vs. any other milk type) 3 0.050 (0.032; 0.068) 3.8 × 10− 08 9.5 × 10− 03 −1.6 × 10−3 0.26 0.051 (0.026; 0.075) 3.8 × 10− 05
Consuming tub margarine (vs. no spread use) 3 −0.025 (− 0.034; − 0.015) 1.3 × 10− 07 3.1 × 10− 05 −2.4 × 10− 3 0.15 − 0.017 (− 0.032; − 0.001) 0.039
Preferentially drinking milk with a higher fat content* 8 −0.044 (− 0.063; − 0.024) 1.5 × 10− 05 5.8 × 10− 03 1.2 × 10−4 0.87 −0.053 (− 0.070; − 0.036) 2.1 × 10− 09
Dried fruit (pieces per day) 25 −0.018 (− 0.028; − 0.008) 3.6 × 10− 04 0.001 -6 × 10−5 0.77 −0.024 (− 0.035; − 0.013) 3.1 × 10− 05
  1. SNP number indicates the number of variants included in the instrumental variable
  2. PHet indicates the level of heterogeneity observed between the variants included in the instrumental variable
  3. *Preferred milk type (skimmed vs. semi-skimmed vs. full cream) as a quantitative variable